Basic Observations in Astronomy
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A 10 page overview of some of the basic premises of astronomy. Outlines the Big Bang theory and provides a description of Venus, Mars, and the four Jovian planets (Saturn, Pluto, Uranus, and Jupiter) in relation to the Earth and Sun, speculating on such anomalies as Venus’ retrograde rotation. Outlines the methodologies and theories utilized by astronomers such as the Doppler Effect, Wien’s Law, Absorption Spectrum, Stefan-Boltzmann Law, and the Emission Spectrum. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPastron.wps
Essay Title: Basic Observations in Astronomy

Biodiversity and Dendrochronology
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This 9 page paper explores the fields of biodiversity and dendrochronology, and how they explain the physical world. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: HVBioDen.rtf
Essay Title: Biodiversity and Dendrochronology

Biodiversity:
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This 12 page paper explains biodversity and its importance. Furthermore, this paper examins current threats to species, discusses environmental justice, reviews the environmental problems in developing nations, and more. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: GSBiodiv.rtf
Essay Title: Biodiversity:

Biodiversity: What it is and Some of the Most Important Hotspots
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9 pages. The wealth of diverse biological life forms is almost beyond what the human mind can conceive. It is interesting to say the least knowing the diversity between one pinch of soil that can contain more than ten billion bacteria, up through to entire regions, or hotspots, that are rife with not only different species but also endangered species, from insects up to the largest of mammals. This paper will focus on some of these hotspots as well as further serve to explain what biodiversity is. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: JGAbiodv.rtf
Essay Title: Biodiversity: What it is and Some of the Most Important Hotspots

Bitumen Macadam Using Crushed Concrete as Aggregate
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A 5 page paper discussing the use of recycled concrete in place of quarried stone and gravel in forming the mixture that will become roadbed pavement. Concrete as an aggregate is more promising now than before the introduction of the latest generation of bituminous binders. It cannot be used in all situations, but in many it offers greater suitability than even more conventional local materials. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSmacadam.wps
Essay Title: Bitumen Macadam Using Crushed Concrete as Aggregate

Black Holes
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An 8 page paper which describes black holes and examines their increased importance in astrophysics of the 20th and 21st centuries. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TGblakhole.rtf
Essay Title: Black Holes

Book Review of Elsner and Kara’s “Hurricanes of the North Atlantic: Climate and Society” (1999)
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This is a 5 page book review of James B. Elsner and A. Birol Kara’s text “Hurricanes of the North Atlantic: Climate and Society” (1999). James B. Elsner and A. Birol Kara’s text “Hurricanes of the North Atlantic: Climate and Society” (1999) is considered an extensive scientific text authored by two well established researchers in their areas of expertise. The book written by a professor of meteorology and geography at Florida State University and a contractor for the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory of NASA uses historical and scientific studies to assess the hurricane activity and consequences in the North Atlantic while providing the reader with prediction models, historical data sets, statistics and the “societal vulnerability to hurricanes”. Overall, Book News (1999) considers it “of likely interest to meteorologists, climatologists, and economists, as well as decision makers in government and industry”. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJHurri1.rtf
Essay Title: Book Review of Elsner and Kara’s “Hurricanes of the North Atlantic: Climate and Society” (1999)